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Effects of Co2+ on the erythromycin biosynthesis

DU Wen, CHEN Changhua

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 246-250 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0044-2

摘要： Erythromycin biosynthesis is a highly complicated process, which involves both primary metabolism and secondary metabolism. The specific activities of the key enzymes related to glucose metabolism such as hexose kinase (HK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (6-PDH), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD), were determined in . The specific activities of the enzymes involved in secondary metabolism, such as methylmalonyl-coenzyme A mutase (MCM) and methylmalonyl-coenzyme A transcarboxylase (MCT), were detected as well. Some organic acids contained in fermentation broth were also analyzed. The results show that Co is able to increase erythromycin biosynthesis. It maybe due to Co improving the specific activities of methylmalonyl-coenzyme A mutase and methylmalonyl-coenzyme A transcarboxylase. Meanwhile, it also enhances the flux of the glucose metabolism pathway.

关键词： secondary metabolism organic fermentation process phosphofructokinase

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Design of tandem genes cluster for isoflavone engineering

Xunli XIA PhD , Guangxiao YANG PhD , Guangyuan HE PhD ,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 292-296 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0057-y

摘要： In this paper, a universal effective novel method of constructing tandem genes cluster for isoflavone engineering was reported. A tandem genes cluster () of secondary metabolites of plant isoflavones was constructed by using the chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), and isoflavone synthase (IFS) (GenBank accession numbers EU526827, EU526829, EU526830) in only one recombination with the pET22b vector. The resulting expression vector pET- was heterogeneously expressed and co-incubated with barrenwort extractions, and the genistein-like component was detected.

关键词： isoflavones engineering secondary metabolism tandem genes cluster

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Proteins moonlighting in tumor metabolism and epigenetics

Lei Lv, Qunying Lei

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 383-403 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0818-1

摘要： Cancer development is a complicated process controlled by the interplay of multiple signaling pathways and restrained by oxygen and nutrient accessibility in the tumor microenvironment. High plasticity in using diverse nutrients to adapt to metabolic stress is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. To respond to nutrient stress and to meet the requirements for rapid cell proliferation, cancer cells reprogram metabolic pathways to take up more glucose and coordinate the production of energy and intermediates for biosynthesis. Such actions involve gene expression and activity regulation by the moonlighting function of oncoproteins and metabolic enzymes. The signal−moonlighting protein−metabolism axis facilitates the adaptation of tumor cells under varying environment conditions and can be therapeutically targeted for cancer treatment.

关键词： moonlighting function tumor metabolism epigenetics

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Vanadium metabolism investigation using substance flow and scenario analysis

Fangfang ZHANG, Huiquan LI, Bo CHEN, Xue GUAN, Yi ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 256-266 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0585-1

摘要： Vanadium is a vital strategic resource, and vanadium metabolism is an important part of the national socio-economic system of China. This study conducts accounting and scenario analysis on the life cycle of vanadium metabolism in China. Based on the characteristics of vanadium life cycle and substance flow analysis (SFA) framework, we present a quantitative evaluation of a static anthropogenic vanadium life cycle for the year 2010. Results show that anthropogenic vanadium consumption, stocks, and new domestic scrap are at 98.2, 21.2, and 4.1 kt, respectively; new scrap is usually discarded. The overall utilization ratio of vanadium is 32.2%. A large amount of vanadium is stockpiled into tailings, debris, slags, and other spent solids. A scenario analysis was conducted to analyze the future developmental trend of vanadium metabolism in China based on the SFA framework and the qualitative analysis of technology advancement and socio-economic development. The baseline year was set as 2010. Several indicators were proposed to simulate different scenarios from 2010 to 2030. The scenario analysis indicates that the next 20 years is a critical period for the vanadium industry in China. This paper discusses relevant policies that contribute to the improvement of sustainable vanadium utilization in China.

关键词： metabolism vanadium industry substance flow analysis scenario analysis

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Insulin resistance and the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 53-59 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0255-5

摘要：

Insulin resistance (IR) is a key pathological feature of metabolic syndrome and subsequently causes serious health problems with an increased risk of several common metabolic disorders. IR related metabolic disturbance is not restricted to carbohydrates but impacts global metabolic network. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), namely valine, leucine and isoleucine, are among the nine essential amino acids, accounting for 35% of the essential amino acids in muscle proteins and 40% of the preformed amino acids required by mammals. The BCAAs are particularly responsive to the inhibitory insulin action on amino acid release by skeletal muscle and their metabolism is profoundly altered in insulin resistant conditions and/or insulin deficiency. Although increased circulating BCAA concentration in insulin resistant conditions has been noted for many years and BCAAs have been reported to be involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and body weight, it is only recently that BCAAs are found to be closely associated with IR. This review will focus on the recent findings on BCAAs from both epidemic and mechanistic studies.

关键词： branched-chain amino acids leucine isoleucine valine insulin resistance

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Research progress on FASN and MGLL in the regulation of abnormal lipid metabolism and the relationship

Jingyue Zhang, Yawen Song, Qianqian Shi, Li Fu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期页码 649-656 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0830-0

摘要： Tumorigenesis involves metabolic reprogramming and abnormal lipid metabolism, which is manifested by increased endogenous fat mobilization, hypertriglyceridemia, and increased fatty acid synthesis. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a key enzyme for the synthesis of fatty acids, and monoacylglycerol esterase (MGLL) is an important metabolic enzyme that converts triglycerides into free fatty acids. Both enzymes play an important role in lipid metabolism and are associated with tumor-related signaling pathways, the most common of which is the PI3K–AKT signaling pathway. They can also regulate the immune microenvironment, participate in epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and then regulate tumor invasion and metastasis. Current literature have shown that these two genes are abnormally expressed in many types of tumors and are highly correlated with tumor migration and invasion. This article introduces the structures and functions of FASN and MGLL, their relationship with abnormal lipid metabolism, and the mechanism of the regulation of tumor invasion and metastasis and reviews the research progress of the relationship of FASN and MGLL with tumor invasion and metastasis.

关键词： FASN MGLL lipid metabolism tumor invasion metastasis

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Mechanisms for simultaneous ozonation of sulfamethoxazole and natural organic matters in secondary effluent

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1368-0

摘要：

• SMX was mainly degraded by hydrolysis, isoxazole oxidation and double-bond addition.

关键词： Sulfamethoxazole Ozonation Natural organic matters Secondary effluent Degradation mechanism

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Anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria: ecological distribution, metabolism, and microbial interactions

Dawen Gao, Xiaolong Wang, Hong Liang, Qihang Wei, Yuan Dou, Longwei Li

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1035-x

摘要： Anammox (ANaerobic AMMonia OXidation) is a newly discovered pathway in the nitrogen cycle. This discovery has increased our knowledge of the global nitrogen cycle and triggered intense interest for anammox-based applications. Anammox bacteria are almost ubiquitous in the suboxic zones of almost all types of natural ecosystems and contribute significant to the global total nitrogen loss. In this paper, their ecological distributions and contributions to the nitrogen loss in marine, wetland, terrestrial ecosystems, and even extreme environments were reviewed. The unique metabolic mechanism of anammox bacteria was well described, including the particular cellular structures and genome compositions, which indicate the special evolutionary status of anammox bacteria. Finally, the ecological interactions among anammox bacteria and other organisms were discussed based on substrate availability and spatial organizations. This review attempts to summarize the fundamental understanding of anammox, provide an up-to-date summary of the knowledge of the overall anammox status, and propose future prospects for anammox. Based on novel findings, the metagenome has become a powerful tool for the genomic analysis of communities containing anammox bacteria; the metabolic diversity and biogeochemistry in the global nitrogen budget require more comprehensive studies.

关键词： Anammox Metabolism Metagenome Ecological distribution Microbial interactions

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Metabolism and immunity in breast cancer

Deyu Zhang, Xiaojie Xu, Qinong Ye

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 178-207 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0793-6

摘要： Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies that seriously threaten women’s health. In the process of the malignant transformation of breast cancer, metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion represent the two main fascinating characteristics of cancer and facilitate cancer cell proliferation. Breast cancer cells generate energy through increased glucose metabolism. Lipid metabolism contributes to biological signal pathways and forms cell membranes except energy generation. Amino acids act as basic protein units and metabolic regulators in supporting cell growth. For tumor-associated immunity, poor immunogenicity and heightened immunosuppression cause breast cancer cells to evade the host’s immune system. For the past few years, the complex mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion are deeply investigated, and the genes involved in these processes are used as clinical therapeutic targets for breast cancer. Here, we review the recent findings related to abnormal metabolism and immune characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, their links, and relevant therapeutic strategies.

关键词： breast cancer metabolism immunity cancer stem cells

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Physical and chemical processes of wintertime secondary nitrate aerosol formation

Qi YING

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 348-361 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0343-1

摘要： The UCD/CIT model was modified to include a process analysis (PA) scheme for gas and particulate matter (PM) to study the formation of secondary nitrate aerosol during a stagnant wintertime air pollution episode during the California Regional PM /PM Air Quality Study (CRPAQS) where detailed measurements of PM components are available at a few sites. Secondary nitrate is formed in the urban areas from near the ground to a few hundred meters above the surface during the day with a maximum modeled net increase rate of 4 μg·m ·d during the study episode. The secondary nitrate formation rate in rural areas is lower due to lower NO . In the afternoon hours, near-surface temperature can be high enough to evaporate the particulate nitrate. In the nighttime hours, both the gas phase N O reactions with water vapor and the N O heterogeneous reactions with particle-bound water are important for secondary nitrate formation. The N O reactions are most import near the surface to a few hundred meters above surface with a maximum modeled net secondary nitrate increase rate of 1 μg·m ·d and are more significant in the rural areas where the O concentrations are high at night. In general, vertical transport during the day moves the nitrate formed near the surface to higher elevations. During the stagnant days, process analysis indicates that the nitrate concentration in the upper air builds up and leads to a net downward flux of nitrate through vertical diffusion and a rapid increase of surface nitrate concentration.

关键词： secondary nitrate aerosol N₂O₅ heterogeneous reaction process analysis

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Dynamic simulation of urban water metabolism under water environmental carrying capacity restrictions

Weihua ZENG,Bo WU,Ying CHAI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 114-128 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0669-6

摘要： A revised concept for urban water metabolism (UWM) is presented in this study to address the inadequacies in current research on UWM and the problems associated with the traditional urban water metabolic process. Feedback loops can be analyzed to increase the water environmental carrying capacity (WECC) of the new urban water metabolism system (UWMS) over that of a traditional UWMS. An analysis of the feedback loops of an UWMS was used to construct a system dynamics (SD) model for the system under a WECC restriction. Water metabolic processes were simulated for different scenarios using the Tongzhou District in Beijing as an example. The results for the newly developed UWM case showed that a water environment of Tongzhou District could support a population of 1.1926 × 10 , an irrigation area of 375.521 km , a livestock of 0.7732 × 10 , and an industrial value added of ¥193.14 × 10 (i.e. about US$28.285× 10 ) in 2020. A sensitivity analysis showed that the WECC could be improved to some extent by constructing new sewage treatment facilities or by expanding the current sewage treatment facilities, using reclaimed water and improving the water circulation system.

关键词： urban water metabolism system (UWMS) system dynamic simulation water environmental carrying capacity (WECC) feedback loops bilateral control

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Two-echelon Emergency Response Problem and Simulation Considering Secondary Disasters

Han-peng Zhang,Yi Liao,Hui-xia Luo

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第3期页码 318-321 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014042

摘要： It is necessary for subsequent resource distribution planning that get expected relief time considering secondary disasters after natural disaster. The goal of this research is to develop a two-echelon emergency resource distribution model under condition of secondary disasters. Taking minimal maximize relief time as criterion of relief performance, we developed response strategies and simulation model to get the expected value. Numerical studies of this paper presented the result of response strategies.

关键词： simulation secondary disasters two-echelon vehicle routing model

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Formation of secondary inorganic aerosol in a frigid urban atmosphere

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1452-0

摘要：

•Harbin showed relatively high threshold RH (80%) for apparent increase of SOR.

关键词： Haze Sulfate Nitrate Heterogeneous chemistry Biomass burning Northeast China

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Expression profiles of genes and enzymes related to ascorbic acid metabolism in fruits of

Yingying CHEN,Zhihui ZHAO,Jin ZHAO,Mengjun LIU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第2期页码 131-136 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016096

摘要： The fruit of Chinese jujube ( ) possesses extremely high concentrations of ascorbic acid (AsA). The accumulation of AsA, the expression patterns of the nine genes related to AsA metabolism as well as the activities of five enzymes involved in AsA synthesis, oxidation and recycling were investigated during fruit development in Mill. ‘Jinsixiaozao’. The results showed that the high level of AsA accumulation in jujube fruit is due to a contribution from both AsA biosynthesis and AsA recycling. It is suggested that L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase, ascorbate peroxidase and monodehydro-ascorbate reductase are the crucial genes/enzymes of jujube AsA synthesis, oxidization and recycling, respectively. These results provide useful new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of AsA accumulation in Chinese jujube.

关键词： Chinese jujube ascorbic acid metabolism gene enzyme

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PCDD/Fs emission, risk characterization, and reduction in China’s secondary copper production industry

Haiqian LI, Yonglong LU, Li LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 589-597 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0495-2

摘要： Secondary copper production is one of the key polychlorinated dibenzo- -dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) emission sources in China, but research and data on this issue are rare. In 2004, when the Stockholm Convention entered into force in China, PCDD/Fs emissions from secondary copper production contributed to 32.2% of the total release. In this paper, PCDD/Fs emission dynamics from secondary copper industry were discussed and cumulative risks were characterized. From 2004 to 2009, industrial policies played an indirect role in PCDD/Fs reduction, but its effects are still limited. The Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and central regions were among the top three of dioxin emissions from secondary copper production in China. Shanghai, Shandong, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi had comparatively higher accumulated risk and were recommended as the priority regions for promoting PCDD/Fs emission control in China. From 2009 to 2015, the PCDD/Fs emission dynamics in the secondary copper industry were presented through simulation. PCDD/Fs emission equations were established, resulting in the recommendation of control technology conversion rate at 30% for small scale smelters and 51%–57% for large and medium-sized enterprises in 2015. In conclusion, both indirect policy and direct control technology retrofitting should be integrated for more effective PCDD/Fs emission reduction in secondary copper industry.

关键词： polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) secondary copper production emission risk China